Centrifugal pumps are often considered to be a kind of kinetic energy machine. The rotation of the impeller causes the fluid in the impeller to rotate at a high speed, thereby transferring energy to the liquid. The impeller mainly has the following three forms:
(1) Closed impeller, there are closed covers (rotating shell) on the front and back of the impeller
(2) The semi-open impeller, only has a closed guard on one side, and is tightly connected to the stationary shell on the other side
(3) Open impeller, with or without a closed cover on one side only
Assuming that the fluid has no rotational speed when it enters the pump suction pipe, when the fluid enters the rotating pipeline of the impeller, it starts to rotate at the rotational speed of the impeller. The liquid is squeezed out of the center of the impeller, and its rotation speed is proportional to the diameter of the impeller. The rotation speed of the impeller can be calculated by the following formula:
U=D x N/229
u- liquid rotation speed, ft/s;
D- the diameter of the speed calculation point, in;
N- impeller rotation speed, r/min;
1/229-unit conversion factor.
The pressure head produced by a centrifugal pump depends on the speed of the fluid rather than the fluid sucked by the pump. For example, a water head that can produce 100 ft (8.34 lb/gal) can also produce a gasoline head of 100 ft (6.33 lb/gal). Note: A fluid with a viscosity of more than 20 cP will reduce the pressure head produced by the centrifugal pump. For viscous fluids, it can be corrected by predicting the actual operation of the pump.
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